Kyushu, the southernmost of Japon's four main islands, is also the third largest. Covering approximately 36,000 km² and home to over 13 million inhabitants, it comprises 7 prefectures: Fukuoka, Kumamoto, Nagasaki, Oita, Saga, Kagoshima and Miyazaki. Volcanoes and onsens, forests and wetlands, beaches and hidden coves, modern cities and abandoned islands… form its splendid melting pot of landscapes. Kyushu is also a land steeped in legends and traditions, where you can commune with the Japanese spirit during your journey to Japon.

History

It was at Kyushu that the first Shinto deities appeared. A birthplace of the founding legends of Shintoism, the island was also a historical crossroads through which influences from neighbouring countries and Europe flowed into Japon. China brought Buddhist culture and writing. Korea, meanwhile, introduced the art of ceramics and pottery.

In the 16th century, Kyushu witnessed the arrival of the first Europeans in Japon (Spanish, Portuguese and Dutch), via the port of Nagasaki. Catholic missionaries preached the gospel in the region before being expelled or punished during the Edo period, at the time of the persecution of Christians in Japon. The few Japanese faithful gathered within the community of Kakure Kirishitan (hidden Christians) took refuge in the remote islands of Kyushu. Many remnants dating from this tragic period are scattered throughout the region.

Tourism in Kyushu

Kyushu is one of the least visited regions by tourists. Offering numerous surprises, it is nonetheless well worth a detour during your journey to the Land of the Rising Sun.

The island is notably known for its volcanic nature, with hot springs (onsens) such as Beppu, and volcanoes like the majestic Mount Aso, one of the most active in the world. Compared to the islands of Hokkaido (cold, wild nature) and Honshu (culture, history with Tokyo and Kyoto), Kyushu offers a more relaxed and rural atmosphere.

That's not all! It also distinguishes itself from other Japon islands through its cuisine (for example, tonkotsu ramen) and, as mentioned below, its foreign influences. To this we can add its tropical landscapes, which contrast with those of the rest of the country, making it a truly unique destination.

What to visit on the island of Kyushu?

Fukuoka

Fukuoka, capital of its eponymous prefecture and located in the north of the island, is a dynamic city that blends modernity with tradition. For food lovers, it's the ideal place to savour the famous tonkotsu ramen. The city is also renowned for its yatai, those small street stalls where you can enjoy local specialities in a convivial atmosphere.

On the cultural side, Fukuoka is not short of attractions, including:

• Tôchô-ji Temple, with its red pagoda and large wooden Buddha.
• Ôhori Park, which offers a peaceful stroll around its lake.

Beautiful excursions can also be organised from Fukuoka. In the village of Sasaguri stands the Reclining Buddha of Nanzo-in; while in the neighbouring city of Dazaifu lies the Tenmangu Shrine, an important Shinto sanctuary.

Nagasaki

Nagasaki, capital of its eponymous prefecture, is nestled on the western coast of Kyushu. It is a city rich in history and culture. Sadly known for its tragic past linked to World War II, it is home to a museum dedicated to the atomic bomb that struck it, and the Peace Park, a memorial site conveying messages of peace and resilience.

Nagasaki is also marked by a strong Chinese influence, which you can discover in its Chinatown and Confucian temples. Shippoku, a fusion of Japanese, Chinese and Western flavours, guarantees a unique gastronomic experience. Definitely worth trying when visiting the district if you are a food enthusiast.

Kumamoto and Mount Aso

Kumamoto, the administrative centre of its eponymous prefecture, is located in the heart of Kyushu. It also offers a fascinating blend of tradition and innovation. The city is renowned for its imposing castle, considered one of the three most beautiful in Japon, alongside those of Himeji and Matsumoto. Its animated city centre offers numerous culinary experiences.

Mount Aso, near Kumamoto, is an unmissable natural marvel. It is one of the most active volcanoes in Japon, and its caldera is counted among the largest in the world. Attractions around this geological feature include the Naka-dake crater, accessible by cable car; the Kusasenri plateau, where wild horses graze; and the Aso-jinja Shrine, a historically significant site.

The hot springs of Beppu and Oita

The thermal springs of Beppu and Oita, in Oita prefecture, rank among the most remarkable in Japon. The city of Beppu, situated at the foot of Mount Tsurumi, is famous for its Eight Hells, hot springs with unique colours and characteristics. Sites such as Kamado Jigoku and Chinoike Jigoku promise a spectacular visual experience, with waters ranging from cobalt blue to vivid red.

In Beppu, visitors can also enjoy a wide range of traditional baths. Among the options available, you will find:

• Sand baths: where you will be buried up to your neck in warm sand.
• Steam baths: using natural steam for complete relaxation.
• Mud baths: perfect for a unique spa experience.

As for the city of Oita, it is prized for its traditional ryokans. Visitors can immerse themselves in Japanese culture while enjoying the benefits of onsens.

The city of Miyazaki and the Takachiho Gorges

Miyazaki, capital of its eponymous prefecture, on the east coast of Kyushu, is a city where nature and culture meet harmoniously. Fine sandy beaches, such as those at Aoshima, are ideal for relaxing while enjoying the region's subtropical climate. Surfing enthusiasts, meanwhile, will find their haven at Kisakihama beach, which draws visitors with its consistent swells. It became popular in 1991, when it hosted a world-class competition.

Near Miyazaki lie the Takachiho Gorges, which have been sculpted by the Gokase River over thousands of years. The site is surrounded by basalt cliffs, which you can explore by boat. For a unique spiritual experience near the Takachiho Gorges, visit the Amano Iwato Shrine, associated with Amaterasu, the principal deity of Shintoism.

Kagoshima, the Satsuma Peninsula and Yakushima Island

The Kagoshima region is a jewel of southern Kyushu, renowned for its active volcano, Sakurajima, which, with its regular eruptions, promises a fascinating spectacle. The Satsuma Peninsula, located in the south-west of the island, is renowned for its hot sand baths and breathtaking volcanic landscapes.

Yakushima Island, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a paradise for nature lovers. It is home to thousand-year-old cedar trees, some of which inspired the animated film Princess Mononoke. Its popularity also stems from its many picturesque waterfalls, such as those of Okonotaki.

Saga

Saga Prefecture, located between Fukuoka and Nagasaki, is often overlooked by tourists, yet it is full of treasures waiting to be discovered. Known for its ceramics and pottery, it is a hotbed of Japanese craftsmanship. Pottery villages such as Arita and Imari are unmissable destinations for admiring the extraordinary creations of local artisans.

Saga also offers enriching cultural experiences. Among the attractions to include on your itinerary are:

• The Yoshinogari archaeological site, a park with reconstructions from the Yayoi era.
• The Saga Hot Air Balloon Festival, a spectacular event in November.

Karatsu, a coastal city located near Saga, appeals with its castle and culinary specialities from the sea. A detour through the terraced rice fields, with their breathtaking landscapes, completes this getaway.

When to visit Kyushu?

The best time to visit Kyushu is in spring (March to May), or in autumn (September to November), when the climate is mild and pleasant. These seasons reveal magnificent landscapes, with cherry blossoms in spring and vibrant colours in autumn.

By air

Each of Kyushu's prefectures has its own airport, with direct connections to major Japon cities such as Tokyo or Osaka. Fukuoka Airport, the main gateway to Kyushu, operates flights to Seoul, Shanghai and Singapore.

By train

From Tokyo, the Tokaido/Sanyo Shinkansen line passes through Hakata Station in Fukuoka and Kagoshima-Chuo Station in Kagoshima. The journey from the capital to Hakata takes approximately 6 hours. The Japan Rail Pass is valid in Kyushu. The JR Kyushu Rail Pass, more affordable, covers travel on JR Kyushu trains, including Shinkansen services, local lines and tourist trains, in specific zones.

By bus

Buses are an economical, though slower, means of travelling to Kyushu. Most vehicles depart at night from Tokyo and Osaka, arriving in Fukuoka the next morning.

By ferry

Ferry services operate between Fukuoka and Tokyo over three days, via the island of Shikoku. Faster services are available from Osaka and Kobe to Fukuoka, Kagoshima and Oita. Fukuoka is also connected by high-speed ferry to Busan in South Korea.

Try alternating buses, trains and car rental depending on your destination. For example, driving a private vehicle is not recommended in large cities where traffic can be intense. To reach Mount Aso, the best option is to take the bus, since no train serves these areas. The Shinkansen, meanwhile, is convenient for travelling between major tourist hubs. As for air travel, there are flights between certain prefectures and to Kyushu's small islands, notably Amami Oshima and Yakushima. Finally, you have the luxury cruise train Seven Stars Kyushu, which offers small excursions throughout the island.

How many days to explore Kyushu?

To fully explore Kyushu, it is recommended to dedicate approximately three weeks, with a minimum of three days per prefecture to appreciate each region without rushing.